Cell-to-cell signalling during pathogenesis

Cell-to-cell signalling during pathogenesis.

Pathogenic bacteria produce virulence factors only when they sense they are in a location in which the energy required for pathogenesis is warranted. One environmental factor monitored by pathogens is population density, either of its own population or of the population of a host's endogenous flora. To date, four systems have been described which allow pathogens to regulate virulence genes in a...

Cell to Cell Signalling during Vertebrate Limb Development

The vertebrate limb is one of the most relevant experimental models in which to analyse cell-cell signalling during patterning of embryonic fields and organogenesis. Recently, the combination of molecular and genetic studies with experimental manipulation of developing limb buds has significantly advanced our understanding of the complex molecular interactions coordinating limb bud outgrowth an...

Cell signalling during vascular morphogenesis.

Vascular tissue in plants is unique due to its diverse and dynamic cellular patterns. Through research in several organisms, such as Arabidopsis, Populus and Zinnia, using biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches, significant progress has recently been made in revealing the molecular nature of several signals underlying the patterning of vascular tissue. These signals include ligands, recept...

Wnt Signalling During F9 Cell Differentiation

Cell–cell signalling: Frog frizbees

The recent discovery that Frizzled proteins are receptor for Wnts has been quickly followed by the identification of a secreted protein, Frzb, that is related to Frizzled, expressed by the Spemann organizer in frog embryos and can bind to and antagonize Wnt developmental signalling molecules.